【英文标准名称】:Railwayfixedequipment.Trapezoidalandsimplexinsulatingstopsinthermoplasticsmaterial.
【原文标准名称】:铁路固定设备.用热塑性材料制的梯形和单形绝缘止推轴承
【标准号】:NFF50-021-1996
【标准状态】:现行
【国别】:法国
【发布日期】:1996-02-01
【实施或试行日期】:1996-02-20
【发布单位】:法国标准化协会(AFNOR)
【起草单位】:
【标准类型】:()
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:
【英文主题词】:
【摘要】:
【中国标准分类号】:S11
【国际标准分类号】:45_080
【页数】:22P;A4
【正文语种】:其他


【英文标准名称】:StandardTestMethodsforRubberDeterioration-CrackinginanOzoneControlledEnvironment
【原文标准名称】:臭氧可控环境中橡胶变坏龟裂的标准试验方法
【标准号】:ASTMD1149-2007
【标准状态】:现行
【国别】:
【发布日期】:2007
【实施或试行日期】:
【发布单位】:美国材料与试验协会(US-ASTM)
【起草单位】:D11.15
【标准类型】:(TestMethod)
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:炭黑;变坏;天然橡胶;臭氧龟裂;橡胶;表面;合成橡胶;测试
【英文主题词】:chamber;cracking;deterioration;ozone;rubber;surface;test
【摘要】:Thesignificanceofthesetestmethodsliesintheabilitytodifferentiatebetweenthedegreesofozoneresistanceunderthelimitedandspecifiedconditionsoftheacceleratedtests.Thedegreeofresistancebeingjudgedbytheappearanceandmagnitudeoftheformationofcracksinthesurfaceofthesubjectmaterial.Inservice,rubbermaterialsdeterioratewhenexposedtoozone.Itisimperativetohavetestmethodsinwhichsimple,acceleratedtime/exposure,comparisonsofthematerialx2019;sabilitytoresistcrackingcausedbyozoneexposurecanbeempiricallyevaluated.Suchtestscanbeusedforproducer/consumeracceptance,refereepurposes,research,anddevelopment.Thesemethodsarenotnecessarilysuitedforuseinpurchasespecificationsastheremaybenocorrelationwithserviceperformanceasactualserviceconditions(outdoorexposure)varywidelyduetogeographiclocationand,therefore,maynotyieldrepeatableorreproducibleresults.1.1Thesetestmethodsareusedtoestimatetheeffectofexposure,undersurfacetensilestrainconditions,eitherdynamicorstatic,inanatmospherecontainingspecifiedlevelsofozoneconcentration,expressedaspartialpressure(refertoNote1),onvulcanizedrubber,rubbercompounds,moldedorextrudedsoftrubber,andotherspecifiedmaterials,orasmaybedeterminedempirically.Theeffectofnaturallyoccurringsunlightorlightfromartificialsourcesisexcluded.1.2PreviouslypublishedASTMdocumentsTestMethodD518andTestMethodsD3395havebeenincludedinthesetestmethods,D1149,in2007.PleaserefertoNote2.1.2.1TestMethodD518andTestMethodsD3395havehenceforthbeenwithdrawnandsupersededbyTestMethodsD1149.WhenTestMethodsD1149iscited,orotherwisereferenced,anotationshallbeincludedtothiseffect.Pleaserefertosectionfortheappropriatereferences.1.3Thespecifiedconditionsofexposuretoozoneinthecontrolledenvironmentsareacceleratedincomparisontooutdoorexposure.Theseacceleratedozonetestmethodsmaynotgiveresultswhichcorrelatewithoutdoorexposuretestsorserviceperformance.1.4Allmaterials,instruments,orequipmentusedforthedeterminationofmass,force,dimension,ozoneconcentration,partialpressure,temperature,velocity,andgasexchangerateshallhavedirecttraceabilitytotheNationalInstituteforStandardsandTechnology,orotherinternationallyrecognizedorganizationparallelinnature.1.5ThevaluesstatedinSIunitsaretoberegardedasstandard.Thevaluesgiveninparenthesesareforinformationonly.ManyofthestatedSIunitsaredirectconversionsfromtheU.S.CustomarySystemtoaccommodatetheinstrumentation,practices,andproceduresthatexistedpriortotheMetricConversionActof1975.Thisstandardinvolveshazardousmaterials,specificallyozone.Itmayalsoinvolvehazardousoperationsandequipment.Thisstandarddoesnotpurporttoaddressallofthesafetyconcerns,ifany,associatedwithitsuse.Itistheresponsibilityoftheuserofthisstandardtoestablishappropriatesafetyandhealthpracticesanddeterminetheapplicabilityofregulatorylimitationspriortouse.Note1AdiscussionandexplanationregardingthemeasurementofozoneconcentrationsbaseduponpartsofozoneperunitofairversuspartialpressureisprovidedinTestMethodsD4575,specificallyAppendicesX1andX2.TestMethodsD4575isalsorecommendedasasourceofbackgroundinformationregardingstandardsinvolvingmaterialsexposedtoozone.
【中国标准分类号】:G34
【国际标准分类号】:83_060
【页数】:11P.;A4
【正文语种】: